Don't lie to me, I understand " little expression "

Don't lie to me, I understand " little expression "

Getting up in right needn't have the conclusive evidence in order to explain and seek soldier, Fu XiaoLan, Wu Qi, needn't have the lie detection appearance, even needn't have the sound, only rely on the change of the expression to judge whether to lie alone, this is a American TV play " a thousand lies one hundred are counted " (Lietome) Superb ability which Dr. Lightman of China possesses.

These slight expressions such as being desperate, awkward or secretly pleased of flashing, a proper noun is named " The little expression " . Lightman, just through catching this kind of expression written in water, has cracked cases at a loss what to do of even FBI.

"All these are not Arabian Nights. " Fu XiaoLan, chief of Ins of Developed Organisms,Academia Sinica, says. Last September, she began to study the relation among little expression, the people's mood mechanism, unconscious state. Recently, this subject obtained approving and initiating a project of the national natural science fund.

"Domestic nobody studied this before, we should eat the crab first. " The blue students of Fu Xiao, seminar member Wu Qi say.

The little expression is face expression " Hide a dagger in a smile "

If regard people's face as the media which propagates information, people can be through " read " Every face, obtain the information that oneself wants. Generally speaking, the mankind has 7 kinds of mood: Angry, frightened and detesting, surprised, sad, happy and scornful.

The normal expression generally lasts from 1/2 seconds to 5 seconds, there is course of a introduction, elucidation of the theme, transition to another viewpoint and summing up. And little expression out of the common lies in duration is relatively short, generally have 1/25 seconds only until 1/5 seconds. This kind of expression is often linked to with cheating, whether no matter good will or evil intention. When people attempt to cover up, conceal a certain psychological activity sedulously, the true idea of heart may be expressed through the little expression instead.

It is believed that a lot of people have had such an experience: "Why I like this person smile so? " For example in the face of wear humble customer clothes, might flash laughing at scornful for less than one second meet with a smiling face, shop-assistant in the store.

Fu small to explain, most people can miss the little expression, but people's brain is still influenced while being blue, change in view of the above and judge. If, have " sneered " when smilingly alone Little for expression,it is think lie the glad face not to will incline the other side.

"The little expression is face expression ' hide a dagger in a smile '. " Fu XiaoLan has made the metaphor of a image.

Until " whether a thousand one hundred lie count", often until chin raise up and eyebrow oblique to hang down, close mouth tightly, judge whether to lie alone Lightman. In view of the above, many enthusiastic audiences sum up to " discern the lie skill is gathered " ,Include " Will touch the neck while lying " , " singlehanded to cover the face, say ashamedly (hands are put near the brow ridge) " , " unilateral to shrug, that is to say I to have no confidence at all if saying just now " Wait a moment.

As to this, project team member, doctor of Ins of Developed Organisms,Academia Sinica explain and seek a soldier to explain, all these are reading by mistake to little expression. He emphasizes a lot of respects of little expression and ordinary expression are the same, the only difference is the size of duration.

This concept was proposed in 1969 by American psychologist Paul and Eckerman first. At that time, a severe depression patient called Mary told the doctor in charge, want, come back home, see one's own the intersection of sword and blue and spotted cat. While filing a request, she seems to make joyful and relax and narrow eyes and smile frequently in look, show a look of acting like a child. The startling one is, Mary commit suicide after trying 3 kinds of methods after going home, the result is abortive.

Afterwards, Eckerman broadcasts the video at that time repeatedly, inspects carefully with the slow motion, saw a transient expression between two frame pictures suddenly, that is an expression of a vivid and strong extreme agony, are only less than 1/15 seconds continuously. Later, Eckerman called it as " little expression " .

In 1978, Eckerman released the facial movement code system. In this system, there are 43 muscles of faces of people, can be in order to form 10,000 multi-type expressions, among them 3000 kinds have emotion meanings. Eckerman divides it into several separate movement units that connect each other again according to people's face anatomy characteristic. Analyze movement characteristic and the main areas controlled and expression correlated to it of unit of these movements, the standard sports of the facial expression must happen. In 2002, this system carried on upgrading, was up to 90% to catching the rate of accuracy of the expression.

Fully trained, you may become and know the lie past master too

By contrast, domestic research is still at the stage of starting. In March of this year, Fu Xiao blue seminar recruits 24 university student volunteers from Beijing, as the trying the target of little expression experiment.

In an ordinary office, the volunteers sit in front of the computer. The static pictures of 4 series have appeared on the screen. Each picture will stay on the screen for 2 seconds. The protagonist of the first serial picture is a single-edge eyelid, Japanese woman with flat nose. She opens eyes wide, or open the mouth, even prop up the big nostril, 6 kinds of expressions that demonstrate respectively that glad, melancholy, angry, frightened, surprised and these sad. Other 3 serial pictures, including the black guy of Africa, a French girl with blue eye and an Indian woman with tan skin, have demonstrated 6 kinds of expressions too.

The reason why choose different clan descendants as experimental subjects, because there is such a view, the expression is a product of the culture. However, according to Eckerman's research, the facial expression was owned in common by mankind, " if a person is angry, no matter come from New York or New Guinea, Papua, will show the same expression on the face " .

In this basic procedure which discerns the expression, the volunteer only needs according to one's own life general knowledge, judge the kind of the expression, press the mouse to choose. After up to 100% to the correct rate of judgement of these basic expressions, enter the next procedure.

In the second step of procedures, the residence time of these pictures changed. They and 300 long when the 4 with 40, 120, 200, show at the computer screen. 40 milliseconds namely 1/25 seconds, 200 milliseconds namely 1/5 seconds, it happens to be a critical point in general duration of a little expression.

The most key one is that the third step of procedures is called by Fu XiaoLan " The edition of evolving " . That African black person opens the mouth, narrows eyes, it is " glad " to demonstrate Look,and all of a sudden, open eyes wide he and open slightly nostril, be " written in water " thised Look,different from "glad" ,It is the little expression of flashing.

The last experimental result proves, people, to the little expression less than 40 milliseconds, distinguish ability to approach? So count neon and go straight towards Su if 6 close scrupulously? When the 00, people hardly differ from distinguishing rate of the ordinary expression to little distinguishing rate of expression. Fu XiaoLan introduces, only about 10% people could find the little expression, a part of theirs is persons with special talent, another part, through the training strictly of the day after tomorrow. Most people just start from the intuition and self-confident, surmise others.

After the a few days, the same sets of volunteer participate in, test further on request.

In this group of experiments, the Fu 's, to discerning the basic procedure of the expression has strengthened. In the first step of procedures, the static picture lasting two seconds will present twice, the volunteer needs to repeat in 6 kinds of expressions, make the correct choice to the same picture.

They are called to learn from Dr. Lightman. This fictitious personage is good at discerning the little expression on everyone's face, even if a certain face muscle movement has only stayed for 1/5 seconds, his hawk eyes can expose the other side's past at once too.

"Certainly, not everyone is Dr. Lightman. " Explain and seek a soldier and say with a smile. The experimental result shows, this batch of volunteers passing the intensive training, improve the distinguishing rate to the little expression greatly.

Truth and happiness can't hold concurrently

At present, the research of the little expression, mainly apply to the work of national security organs such as the army, police office,etc., become the important basis of penetrating lie. At the place where crowds such as the airport, railway station, subway station,etc. are intensive, a group of trained plainclothes policemen patrol everywhere. They judge who is potential terrorist,etc. according to the little expression on the faces of people.

Professor of Peking University department of psychology Shen Zheng explains, the most natural expression that and the computer system is gathered that the biggest advantage of the lie detection of the little expression lies in it is through making a video recording. Compared with other detection means such as lie detection appearance, it has not produced any interference to the collection object, the collection object is ignorant, so is the most true and most reliable too.

Since 2005, Eckerman already at the venerable age of 71 begins to pay the facial expression to discern to mechanisms of various countries such as the British information mechanism, the Central Intelligence Agency of U.S.A. that train. He still teaches counsel, health expert, poker player, even harbour people that suspect and penetrate lies to the spouse. He has also made network course, under the circumstances that the network courses of a CD or 12 dollars valued at 20 dollars are assisted, you can expose lies quickly.

But just like what Lightman said " Truth and happiness can't hold concurrently " ,Eckerman says frankly one's own knowing lie ability and influencing daily life too. He never attempts to penetrate the little expression of friend, relative around, " go to reveal everybody's little expression, expose lie of everybody, this piece will let one's own the intersection of life and agony extremely " .

But according to strange statement Wu, " mankind limited after all to little recognition capability of expression, it is still the machine that a lot study to depend on " .

He explains, it is not all people lying that will produce the little expression. Will not present the little expression phenomenon in a lot of general lies, when people are just saying some lies highly concerned with one's own interests, will present the little expression. But lie to measure through the little expression, how high on earth its accuracy is!, still remain to study.

At present, the experiment group that Fu XiaoLan led hopes to depend on the existing automatic expression system of visual field of the computer, discern the improvement on the method to it. They hope to develop a kind of machine used for discerning the little expression.

This kind of machine and lie detection appearance have bigger difference. The lie detection appearance is one kind " The invading type " Machine,it is main judge index on changes physiological during lie foundation people. The obvious defect exists in this kind of monitoring, and often misjudge. And catch to the little expression through the computer system, can be to a great extent, avoid these emergence that is misjudged.

However, this research that Fu XiaoLan carries on is difficult. Abroad, a lot of research results about the little expression are still in secret state. Eckerman has shown on Nature, this is in consideration of national security.

Even head of state has been refused. "Several times, are taking the post as the president to ask whether I could help them to improve the credibility, I always answer: I have not opened to lie in the school. " In a special visit, Eckerman says humorously.


Don't lie to me, I understand " little expression "