Staff reporter Hu QiFeng
This issue of concern Pesticide and vegetables are safe
Recently, residues of pesticides of Hainan cowpea exceed standard the incident let the safe alarm bell of agricultural product be beaten again. Some public opinions think that exceed standard and is caused by vegetables in improper season agriculturally and incompletely, some criticize the pesticide administrative department for supervising to forbidding pesticide, doing one's best, but more one directs the spearhead at the security supervision department of agricultural products. However, the appearance of the question vegetables is not a place for the moment, this urges people to think from what respects on earth to set about, solve problems of residues of pesticides of eating raw agricultural product such as the vegetables, fruit,etc., avoid the recuring of similar incident.
Recently, reporter on the question of residues of pesticides of agricultural product, interview treasure Li, researcher of China agriculture institute vegetables flowers research center, gather specially.
" take the vegetables not needing pesticide to produce out " Unrealistic
Reporter: Are plant diseases and insect pests inevitable while the vegetables produce? A lot of ordinary people hope " Take the vegetables not needing pesticide to produce out " ,This kind of hope reality?
Lee's treasure is gathered: No matter the vegetables are cultivated and cultivated protecting revealing, no matter is it or here against season to grow in season normally, will all send the insect pest of falling ill. Just as that people always suffer from this or that disease in all one's life. Plant diseases and insect pests are inevitable in the vegetables production process.
Undeniable at the same time, in the harvest product of current agricultural production, nearly 1/3 of the output relies on pesticide to recapture while hurting from disease Cordyceps, depend on, improve the breed, improve cultivation technique, employ transgenic technology, guarantee source of water clean and use the agricultural machinery, chemical fertilizer measure, use this indispensable means of production of pesticide, ones that to prevent and cure disease Cordyceps and hurt to crops wreak havoc, it is a very important means to improve the yield per unit of the crops. The mankind needs grain and horticulture crop, the crop comes from agricultural production, agricultural production is due to pesticide, this is an irrefutable fact. If does not use pesticide, our country will lose 30%- 40% of the grain, will lose 50%- 80% of the vegetables. The area takes place as 400 million in the great plant diseases and insect pests of every year of our country - 430 million hectares, prevent and cure area 420 million - 500 million hectares. Through using pesticide to retrieve 58 million tons of grain loss every year, 1,500,000 tons of cotton, 2,300,000 tons of oil, 50 million tons of vegetables, 6 million tons of fruits.
Complicated natural environment and scientific and technological level of our country at present grow according to the vegetables of our country, preventing and curing the most effective method of plant diseases and insect pests of vegetables remains and uses chemical pesticide rationally. What people hope " Take the vegetables not needing pesticide to produce out " ,No matter from the actual conditions of our country, or according to current situation of the development of the developed country, all unrealistic.
It is to tackle a problem on the surface, not at the root to solve security through measuring
Reporter: At present, what problems does our country prevent and cure the respect in pesticide and still exist?
Lee's treasure is gathered: To agricultural management and technology popularization department, often only heavy investigating and prosecuting supervising work of violated pesticide now, what disease does it neglect tell vegetable grower for a long time and with what work of technical guidance that medicine prevent and cure it will be worm. In the past 20 years, in appraise the security of agricultural products by measuring, our country has done much work, but can only direct to measure against some pesticide after all, through measuring the security problem of solving the vegetables products, tackle a problem on the surface, not at the root.
Take cucumber as examples, according to the statistics of " electronic manual of pesticide " of 2010, 111 kinds valid compositions of pesticide registered on the cucumber. However, according to the agricultural sector standard in the People's Republic of China <
Our country has not paid attention to the diagnosis of vegetables plant diseases and insect pests and controlled research work from the real meaning yet. This research in plant diseases and insect pests sets up the respect thus clearly. There is more research in degrading in applied basic research, biological pesticide research, chemical pesticide in our country, but it is practical to solve the plant diseases and insect pests diagnosis of the practical problem, plant diseases and insect pests and prevent and cure technology, it is less to support. In addition, there is greater disparity between current agricultural department's education and production actual demand.
We have not set up suitable different areas, different assortment vegetables yet " The worksheet of using medicine of plant diseases and insect pests safely " . Though all parts have made a lot " Plant diseases and insect pests control the rules " ,Because the rules are developed and put into less, lead to the fact such rules can only be made out, can't work out. So, often the operability is bad for these rules. In these rules, mostly take the way to avoid in employing the most extensive chemical pesticide, make vegetable grower know should with what medicine prevent and cure the intersection of disease and worm, buy hypertoxic pesticide without permission.
Agriculture chemical registration is not overall at present, small crop and characteristic crop lack and already register pesticide that can be used, the user generally draws lessons from the big crop and pays and uses medicine, thus present small crop plant diseases and insect pests and prevent and cure and use medicine " reasonably and illegally " Phenomenon.
" pesticide " With " poisonous " Can't draw equal signs
Reporter: Talking about pesticide, ordinary people will think of " poisonously " ,Plant and know here right? How should people know pesticide correctly?
Lee's treasure is gathered: At present, people, to pesticide, especially chemical pesticide has very great misunderstanding, often " Pesticide " With " poisonous " Draw into an equal sign. Mention pesticide, people think of " pollute " naturally . To this kind " Strike torror at the topic of and pesticide " Phenomenon, a produced toward misleading of pesticide misunderstand. Professor of justice of old Wan of famous pesticide chemist of our country has a vivid metaphor, "pesticide is a human tool, a kind of tool struggling against agricultural harmful organism too like car. Car steering should be in accordance with the traffic rules, break rules and regulations and drive, accidents happened to, it is the fault of people, not in the car. Pesticide use have rule too, use accident that cause, also in people but not in medicine responsibility in violation of rules and regulations. "
Distinguish pesticide that can be used rationally and violated pesticide that can not be used correctly. Pesticide is that the chemist, to the mankind's contribution, chemical pesticide is ensuring our country's food safety, and the horticulture crop got bumper crops the respect played an enormous role. With the progress of the pesticide undertaking, chemical pesticide is being developed towards the high-efficient low-toxicity direction, the toxicity of some pesticide is even lower than the salt. Moreover, various pesticide are before the crop is reaped, the interval when does not a Section does not allow to construct medicine, in case that agricultural products exceed standard agriculturally and incompletely. According to the relevant provisions of " pesticide management rule ", virulent, hypertoxic pesticide forbidden using on crops such as the vegetables, melon and fruit, tea,etc. is " violated pesticide " .
More than 600 effective compositions of domestic and foreign pesticide of Acquisition Registration of our country, there are more than 2000 manufacturing enterprises of agriculture chemical registration at home, pesticide products it counts to be 20000 more than, moreover much have pesticide efficiency but chemical not registered. If our country is from the government department, agricultural management, with the popularizing department, research department, get common people do not all have correct understanding to chemical pesticide, only depend on investigating and prosecuting and solving using the problem of violated pesticide, it is almost impossible.
" technological service " With " investigate and prosecute " Should be neat the head is developed simultaneously
Reporter: And popularize the respect to pesticide management, pesticide technology, could you put forward some policy suggestions?
Lee's treasure is gathered: First, set up national-level and regional vegetables plant diseases and insect pests and diagnose the centre, make various vegetables plant diseases and insect pests made a definite diagnosis of in time. Develop science, accurate main vegetables plant diseases and insect pests are simple and easy discerns cards, distribute to vegetable grower. Though the country has weak foundation in this respect, there is technological reserve.
Second, as to the prevention and cure of the main plant diseases and insect pests of vegetables, the existing pesticide variety is able to satisfy mostly, also need further studying high-efficient low toxicity and medicine in environment protecting mode.
Third, direct against the main plant diseases and insect pests of the vegetables, discuss and make " worksheet of using medicine safely " ,Density that the content includes choice, dosage form of the pesticide kind, uses medicine, using the number of times, using the method, in and safe interval,etc., after guaranteeing pesticide is used on request, have already prevented and cured the plant diseases and insect pests of the target effectually, safe to environment and eater. This " worksheet " Can generalize to the basic unit of countryside, guarantee general peasants can understand, enable peasant households while preventing and curing vegetables plant diseases and insect pests, it is pointed to select the apparatus, effectual pesticide, thus solve the safe problem from the source of production of vegetables, plant the safe vegetables out. So long as study conscientiously, this route is effective and feasible.
Fourth, in view of small crops such as the cowpea,etc. and preventing and curing agriculture chemical registration in characteristic crop plant diseases and insect pests, propose the country organizes relevant enterprises to jointly register, guarantee the main plant diseases and insect pests of each kind of crop, there is pesticide registered that can be selected for use, solve small crop plant diseases and insect pests and prevent and cure and use medicine " reasonably and illegally " Question.
The fifth, sell the system through agricultural extension system and pesticide of our country, send the safe pesticide products to vegetable grower's hands. Will " investigate and prosecute violated pesticide " With popularizing" The worksheet of using medicine safely " The work neat head is developed simultaneously, two items are regarded as equally important. Meanwhile yes make great efforts to enable vegetables producers understand and be observe the rule that used medicine safely, this's people's base of eating vegetables of high quality.
The sixth, besides paying attention to the pesticide pollution, the pollution research that should also pay attention to the heavy metal, eat the original microorganism of venereal disease of source etc. and controlling the work, so as not to appear again " Mend the fold after the sheep have been stolen " Thing.
So long as the administrative department of the government, technological research department, agricultural popularizing department make joint efforts with vegetable grower, the security problem of the vegetables products is able to solve.
General knowledge
It should try hard to the regular supermarket and purchase of food market first to eat the vegetables resting assured safely, try hard to choose brand vegetables and green vegetable. It finish by three step for to want before taking leaf vegetables on it buy back,namely"wash one, two bubble, frying for three times " : First, wash repeatedly, second, put the vegetables in the fresh water to soak for 20 minutes, eat after third, it is familiar to cook.
The residues of pesticides should treat both principal and secondary aspect of disease while exceeding standard
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