Excitant: There is not a terminal's game on the court

Excitant: There is not a terminal's game on the court of the Olympic Games
Author: Pan Feng

On November 12, 2007, investment measures the building and is listed formally over the excitant of China lying in Olympic Sports Center of 100 million yuan, though the building appearance of this anti-doping test task of Beijing Olympic Games undertaken is not very noticeable, but here will undoubtedly become the focus that everybody pays close attention to during the Olympic Games. Though at all previous Olympic Games, athletes of various countries are breaking the world record constantly, but meanwhile nearly all previous Olympic Games are unable to escape the puzzlement of the excitant scandal, the excitant problem does not have the playing chess of the terminal as once with athlete of IOC.

All names will be frustrated in excitant will be measured

Open in the 29th Beijing Olympic Games of 2008 of distance in less than one week, the No.1 foil player Baldini of world of Italy one of the expected champion winners defeats in a excitant is measured unfortunately. Measure the result to reveal, 22 -year-old Baldini has taken diuresis sulfanilamide of violated medicine in Europe Championship held in Kiev of July, he is expelled from the Italian foil team headed by star Casarra too, have no chance with Beijing Olympic Games.

On the previous day, the IOC announced formally, deprived the gold medal of relay of 4* 400 meters that U.S.A won in the Sydney Olympics, the reason is that dose of Anthony and Pater one of the members has admitted taking the violated medicine stupidly. May of this year, dose of world champion Pater ago U.S.A. admits stupidly, while following coach Graham to train, he has used the banning drugs for 6 years, in order to raise one's own results. For keep state, between 2003 and the 1997, Pater dose use erythropoietin(EPO) while being stupid With human growth hormone (HGH) Two kinds of violated medicines. Shock the intersection of Graham and banning drugs case of world, involve woman the intersection of fleet-footed runner and Jones, the intersection of Montgomery and inclusive large quantities of superstar, athletics of U.S.A., also.

Association announces the America swimming formally one week before Beijing Olympic Games too, swimming in U.S.A.'s Olympic Games of July is found in the selective trial famous woman player Hadi who takes violated medicine will have no chance with Beijing Olympic Games. Hadi is the first breaststroke of 100 meters world record holder, she is the medal contender that this project is strong too. Though Hadi says Hadi does not know why drug test will present positively and lodging a appeal, but hoped or evaporated finally.

It is difficult to have a pure land

It is " higher, faster, stronger " It is a slogan of the Olympic Games, for this goal, a lot of athletes train to make one's own sport achievement improve constantly through the hardship at ordinary times. It is becoming fiercer but with substantial increase and competition of the bonus of tournament, some athletes begin to open up the path separately, obtain the advantage on physical stamina by taking excitant, rely on the medicine to expand one's own ability, in order to achieve the goal of winning the gold medal, this has made for over 100 years Olympic Stadium difficult to have a pure land too.

The definition of excitant of international Olympic Games is: Participate in or plan to participate in the athletes of the sports match through adopting some medicines, out of treatment or take in in the body with abnormal dosage, take in the physiology nature material or take other improper means with abnormal route, way attempt, train by movement, strengthen or strengthen until health can while being auxiliary, achieve the goal of raising results and defeating the rival, take excitant in above-mentioned behavior.

From ancient Olympic Games in the 3rd century B.C., athletes try to drink various brandy or wine and mix the beverage or edible mushroom, in order to get the additional one " Strength " To defeat rivals. However, because there was any forbidden regulation at that time, depended on " external force " It is hardly some immoral deceit to win.

But that raised sport achievement in the sports activity with excitant nowadays is that such people are by no means rare. Take history of excitant and trace back to the St.Louis Olympics of U.S.A. in 1904 first, the west Ke Sri Lankan of athlete Thomas of American marathon mixed the egg clearly after taking a large number of at that time " Taxi would rather " ,This becomes the first documented taking medicine player in Olympic history now too. Since then, take the taxi while being low dose of, would rather be often used as a kind of excitant. In order to capture the victory of the match, the athletes imitate each other, the wind which abuses the medicine grows in intensity.

The statistics show, up to 1996 Atlanta Olympics, in the Summer Olympics was mainly comparable to a track and field event, all Kuomintang and the Communist Party of the world investigate and prosecute 140 excitant case arises more, including a lot of Olympic Games champions or world record holders. In 2000 Sydney Olympics, 11 athletes were found in the out-of-competition drug testing in compitition to use excitant, and nearly 80 players are expelled from Olympic Village or suspended because it is positive to present in the drug test. Centre on the Sydney Olympics, more than over 30 countries involved in the excitant incident generally; The Greek Athens Olympics in 2004 is producing the excitant scandal constantly too, many players are being cancelled the medal.

Challenge from genetic excitant

In order to pursue the improvement of 1 millisecond, a centimetre of achievement, some athletes rack one's brains, and keep a close watch on the eyes the latest research results of the medical circle early.

Will it be March 2004, American the intersection of University of Pennsylvania and Sweeney,etc. issue one it treats with gene therapy to be because old and feeble or disease cause research thesis of muscular dystrophy, hope to benefit the patient of skin deficiency disease by gene therapy. Researchers pass one kind of growth factors (IGF-1) of insulin while improving the human body Horizontal last regeneration of muscle about. After the article is issued, Sweeney is surrounded by telephone and E-mail from all parts of the world, the half of them comes from the patient, the remaining half come from the professional athlete that may need to accept this kind of treatment least in view of physiology. The gene that they hope to improve body constitution and sport achievement is planted into in the body, carried on the unfair contest through gene therapy, genetic excitant was born from this.

Genetic excitant means that makes the organism produce more hormone, albumen or other natural materials by improving the composition of science of heredity, thus promote movement ability. Genetic excitant was born with development of the genetic treatment technology, but it is different from ordinary gene therapy, its serivce object has been turned from patient into a healthy professional athlete, the purpose is to help them to obtain the sports advantage.

The reason why genetic excitant makes athletes favor, a very important reason is its disguise. Different from traditional excitant such as EPO, utilize hormone or protein that genetic technology produces in the human body to be endogenous, the inherent genetic products are totally the same in these chemical material and normal body, formate only in some muscular tissue, does not enter blood circulation, it is all unable to find that urine sample and blood specimen are measured, measure detailed DNA only to athletes, otherwise difficult to be measured out, it has not been sanctioned using by the IOC yet that DNA measures at present.

At the genetic excitant scientific seminar of international sportsdom on the third, Kui Sri Lankan specially expresses forever anti-doping mechanism Vice President, medical committee's president of IOC in the world, the undetected method to use genetic excitant at present, there is no information that any genetic excitant was being once used and used. But Kui Sri Lankan specially emphasizes forever, though not very complicated that genetic excitant is relative, but it is very difficult to guarantee genetic technology the security after use as excitant, any such attempt is all very dangerous for life.

The banning drugs list is longer and longer

Excitant comes from the medicine, but not a certain single medicine. Early excitant have only several of minority, but increased to some extent every year in the past 20 years and there has been more and more kind, this really makes the IOC feel headache. In 2008, the violated medicines kind that the IOC announced newly has already risen to 9 kinds, and there are 3 kinds of violated methods. Violated medicines include: Does the albumen assimilate preparation, peptide hormone and relevant material? Thrive 2 - excited pharmaceutical, hormone resist pharmaceutical, modulator and diuretic and shelter pharmaceutical, stimulant, anesthetic, hemp while being other while being short of money ' Phenol) Kind, candy cortex steroids. Three kinds of violated methods are: Improve the ability of administrating oxygen; The medicine one, chemistry or physics distort the means; Genetic excitant.

The function mechanism of every kind of excitant is not the same. Take stimulating excitant as examples, there are several dozen kinds such as amphetamine, cocaine, third amine of benzene, caffeine and ephedrine the common one. This kind of excitant can strengthen people's spirit and physical power through the function on the nervous system, but its serious side effect is to conceal fatigue, cause excessively excited and anxiety, influence athletes' judgement and lead to the fact heart rate and blood pressure rise rapidly, in addition can bring out cerebral hemorrhage and heart disease. 1967, Britain famous Simpson, Tamy of cyclist, die of 6000 foot high prosperous the intersection of picture and mountain peak within the territory of the France on the way in the intersection of ring and the intersection of law and match. People find that contains third amine of benzene in his blood while investigating his cause of the death. And anodyne of anaesthesia represented by morphine, excited that can make people produce the pleasant sensation and psychology to use, having caused the illusion of surmounting physical stamina to athlete and reduced and keenlied feel, athletes will still continue the match in a situation that it is injured that imperceptible, thus cause the extremely serious consequence.

The detection technique is difficult to grow with each passing hour

Existing anti-doping test to take analytical chemistry means as the core mainly, namely or materials sucked go on, find in the blood through chemical method to athlete in the urine. However, the primitive urine sample should draw the medicine composition in the urine to collect first, separate and influence the accuracy which analyzes the structure directly in abstraction of the composition of the urine sample, and because the characteristic of the urine composition is that the boiling point is relatively high, heat stability is bad, most molecules are still all polar base groups with hydroxyl, carboxyl,etc., this measures and brings certain difficulty. As kind of the excitant announced being more and more, have proposed the increasingly high requirement to the detection technique of excitant too.

EPO is a kind of excitant used extensively most, go over because the detection of EPO is too tedious, make many athletes who has used EPO become by sheer good luck " The fish that has escape the net " . Researcher of France invent EPO, measure new method, realize early to sift the beginning, and applied to the Sydney Olympics formally in 2000. However, shortly after after researchers spent several years to just find the new method to measure EPO, one kind is called " Reach than the wave court " ( Darbepoetin) Medicines violated getting more prevailing in the world to come quietly,function getting stronger EPOs the second generation of in it, and difficult to be found.

More difficult to the detection of hormone excitant. Because derivative of steroids is numerous, characteristic and route of each supersession have nothing in common with each other again, so before every new steroids medicine is listed in excitant, must solve their analytical method. To excitant and difficult Israel of emerging in an endless stream" Grow with each passing hour " Excitant detection technique,seem researcher resist by its work still only.

According to investigation, in all sports events, athlete abuse excitant a serious one successively bicycle, athletics, weight lifting, swim most, but before the sixties of the 20th century, this question has not caused people's attention yet. 1960, the IOC (IOC) Make a decision sincerely to announce that starts to check in strict excitant, though IOC and world, against the excitant organization (WADA) in more than 40 years hereafter Launch one the whole world encircle and suppress excitant in global sport " The fight of century " ,But athletes take the excitant problem and is not solved fundamentally yet so far, make a desperate move to steal the food " Prohibit fruits " Person such people are by no means rare still,it become excitant by IOC not playing chess of terminal in court of the Olympic Games with athlete.

Excitant: There is not a terminal's game on the court of the Olympic Games