Study progress in eight major science mysteries: The artificial life

Study progress in eight major science mysteries: The artificial life takes one step of keys
February 9 news of scientific and technological news Beijing time of Sina, according to U.S.A. " masses' machinery " magazine website, in 2000, U.S.A. " masses' machinery " magazine website once enumerated the most abstruse eight major mysteries difficult to resolve of scientific field. Estimate optimistically, these scientific difficult problems may receive the answer by the beginning of the 22nd century at least. Ten years of nowadays passed by, the progress of study on this eight major science mysteries has been summarized again recently in the magazine websites of " masses' machinery ". This eight major science mysteries include: Whether could find the extraterrestrial life, could pass through space-time and travel, could cure cancer etc.. 1. Could the mankind cure cancer?
Could the mankind cure cancer? According to national cancer research institute of U.S.A., about 1,500,000 Americans are diagnosed cancer in 2010, among them 1/3 are seized the life by cancer finally. Eating habit, smoking and other environmental factors and choices of the life style are important reasons causing cancer to occur frequently, it is even more important than the inherent cause. Ten years ago, the magazine websites of " masses' machinery " once thought, it should be one of the solutions of avoiding cancer to prevent, but not omnipotent good medicine. In the past ten years, though the mortality caused by various malignant diseases dropped by several percentage points, but in view of statistical data, morbidity such as some cancers, for instance malignant black plain tumour, leukemia, pancreas cancer and kidney cancer are on the rise. Meanwhile, chemistry treatment, radioactive treatment and surgery treatment are still pessimistic when the therapeutic effect of the means. At present, it is to find mechanisms that the virus infects to block the latest tactics that cancer has illness coming on. Paul - Ewald, evolutionary biologist of U.S.A. Louisville university, thinks, 95% of the cancer patients will be all proved to be caused by infecting by 2050, but this figure is only 15% to 20% now. The scientists have already known, the hepatitis virus relates to hepatocarcinoma, human papilla tumour and virus may cause many kinds of cancers such as cervical cancer, rectal cancer, penis cancer, brain cancer, cervical vertebra cancer, and it may cause gastric carcinoma that spiral shell's bacillus of pylorus is infected with. Ewald says, seeing that the virus is one of the main inducements that cancer has illness coming on, if can draw out the intact pathogen atlas, help the mankind to overcome cancer finally. Because the virus has already evolved and become the goal gene, has participated in course of cell division and kidnapped these cells, the virus has stood firm in the host finally. Perhaps virus is not the essential factor of causing sudden change, but they can make cells more fragile, thus sudden change takes place more easily. The virus is to open the gate for the morbidity of cancer like this. According to this kind of statement, use vaccine more, use antibiotic and improve the sanitary standard rationally, perhaps can be by lowering the cancer morbidity prominently. It captures an important step in the cancer fort to obtain human papilla tumour virus vaccine Gardasil which criticized production in 2006. Ewald says, " it is the infection inducement of discerning and locking them to cure and prevent the most ideal way of cancer safely. If can accomplish this in medical science, that is that control is infected. " 2. Can the mankind be alive for evermore?
Can the mankind be alive for evermore? General knowledge tells us, the mankind is unable to escape the destiny that die finally. However, people are always unwilling in the face of this dark truth, they are more willing to believe the alive for evermore statement in mythologies. Ordinary people seem to incline correctly even more to be so-called " The youthful spring " Pursuit,it is at science and it is medical field someone explore constantly. The characteristic that the scientists are devoted to studying a lot of compounds too lengthens the key element of the life in order to look for, such as alcohol of white black false hellebore (a material found in grape) , the thunder handkerchief is mould and plain (draw a kind of bacterium on Easter Island) And protein composed of p21 genes. These proteins can inhibit other proteins from forming the spot of starch in cells, and this kind of material relates to thatch Hamer of A and may promote the morbidity of cancer. It is reported, one gram of biological scientific & technical corporations of Sri Lankan was developing a certain medicine in filling in in 2000, this kind of medicine can realize the inhibitory activity to a certain extent. Researchers still continue carrying on in-depth analysis to an enzyme which is called the telomere enzyme, this kind of enzyme can slow down the shinking process of the telomere. The telomere is a kind of DNA array, will shorten until cells make a variation finally or die progressively in cell division. Person who awards the discoveries of telomere and telomere enzyme operation principle of Nobel Prize for medicine in 2009. The recent finding has verified the function of telomere enzyme too. Nature, in open a research in November of 2010, the mouse is and then planted into after collecting telomere enzyme, the ones that have taken place miraculously in this course have rejuvenated the phenomenon. Speaking from the technology, people can heighten the level of internal telomere enzyme through various ways several years ago, but this kind of technology has not been assessed clinically so far. Meanwhile, the compounds of two kinds of tests on mankind have already come into operation this year. These two kinds of compounds are SIRT1 and STACs separately, it is two kinds of synthetic catalysts, they can imitate heat and limit the effect. The test that is carried on on a plurality of species shows, this kind of effect can slow down the metabolism speed, relieve the aging process. According to the introduction of pathologist of American Harvard Medical School David - Sinclair, the species which carries on the test includes yeast, primate,etc.. However, professor Haas - Orr and Shane's Sri Lankan base of institute's epidemiology thinks the public health of U.S.A. Illinois university, overcoming the aging question can not be only realized through a medicine. The Sri Lankan base of Orr and Shane says, " alcohol, telomere enzyme and p21 gene of white black false hellebore, just become the surface to a great extent. In the past 10 years, no medicine can be interfered and relieved the human old and feeble problem. " The Sri Lankan base of Orr and Shane insists on believing, old man's gene over one hundred has a special function, that can limit the aging process. " research of centenarian in New England " It is the global largest specializing in the old man's plan at advanced age, this project is following research to about 1600 centenarians and several hundred their children at present. The Sri Lankan base of Orr and Shane has not participated in the research, but he thinks, "the reason why this research is so exciting, because we have not seen the result on a lot of species yet, we expect to see the human body can relieve the old and feeble phenomenon like mouse too, thus realize the enormous theory leap. Seem to be coming up to us about the macrobiotic secret. " The scientists think, " youthful spring " finally May not realize through chemistry or biological method, but realized through the technological means. Futurism person Ray Coors and Weir once prophesied, nanometer science and technology may be one of the means not old of realizing growing. The all right deepening of microrobot based on nanotechnology repairs organ and tissue damaged inside the our human body, thus lengthen the patient's life.

3. Could the mankind create the life?
Could the mankind create the life? Mankind so far still unable to know life how originate from the earth while being precise, or does not even know whether the life on earth originated from other celestial bodies, perhaps it was comets that taken them to the earth. However, by the look of present situation, the mankind has already well understood essential composition and biological molecular structure that they form of the life, know structure the how make up first the global one. But how create life, it is yet very much fuzzy for mankind to know. Start from scratch and create the life, the greatest progress of research of this field is that the famous geneticist Craig - Weintal obtained May of 2010. Weintal and his research group has created firstly and formated the organism. The scientists make a whole genome with chemical material in the laboratory, then the genome of formating this is planted into in an empty cell. And then, this cell begins to be duplicated and revised by oneself according to the genetic order planted into. This artificial life form, is known as " synthesis " . The residual cell mechanism needing offering with a natural, organism existing before because of it, as the foundation, so, science got back to where it is to mark time again after turning around. Biological ethicist Arthur - Kaplan of American University of Pennsylvania thinks, "Weintal has not really created and born in the life. However, his research shows, an artificial genome can offer motive force for cell, thus has marched towards a key step to the real artificial life. " 4. Soul exists?
Soul exists? Make progress with creating the research of the life entity, can define in the future an individual's method of the uniqueness is perhaps a characteristic of spirit of thinking,etc. which this individual has. This has drawn an eternal topic too, namely the mankind has soul, how to define soul? A neural theory studies the planning of survey and devoted to solving this mystery. Author of " the neural theory studies the principle ", neurologist Andrew - the intersection of knob and Bogg and the intersection of research and group of him scan research to the intersection of China and monk, Buddhist nun and brain of Christian of Buddhism of Tibet at present, and these people are engaged in the undertaking in spirit such as the meditation. Ten years ago, the knob Bogg has already begun to carry on research to the brains of 130 people, researchers will continue carrying on more extensively studying to those structural networks of brain which involve the religion and state of mind. The knob Bogg thinks, through finding how the brain was engaged in activity of the religion, the neural theory studies and perhaps can answer the connection between the brain, body function and soul activity. In addition, there is formulation that some scientists also attempt to analyze consciousness and soul in terms of quantum mechanics, and the traditional consciousness structure is based on typical physics, namely our thinking is formed in the network composed of hundreds of millions of neurons. Earnie Stewart - plum Love in Kazakhstan of director of research center expresses the consciousness of U.S.A. Arizona university, "most people think the source arrogant brain neuronal praying calculating of consciousness in succession. " Roger - friend of Kazakhstan plum Love and cooperator Rose has proposed a kind of quantum consciousness theory, namely Orch OR theory. This kind of quantum consciousness theory has increased an important function for the miniature cell structure, namely is " in charge of a little " . So-called this kind " In charge of a little " The ones that make up within our cell " The skeleton " . This theory thinks, consciousness depends on too the quantum of the internal little tube of brain neuron is calculated. 5. The extraterrestrial life exists?
The extraterrestrial life exists? A lot of astronomer claim, must exist extraterrestrial life outside the the earth. However, when asking when on earth the mankind can find the extraterrestrial life to get up, they say again possibility is very small. Some discoveries recently seemed to let a lot of radical persons see that looked for the hope of the extraterrestrial life again. From the viewpoint of probabilistic, the more fixed star we found, the more planets are, the greater possibility the ones that exist in because in addition the star life are. Last the second half year, researchers found the fixed star in the universe was much more than the ones that estimated before this in quantity. Some seems very though the red dwarves of dimness, low quality are not the ideal place to breed the life, but they should occupy the planetary primary to suitable for becoming. The discovery of Gliese 581 of red dwarf makes the astronomers very excited. Last April, astronomers claimed to find the outer planet of the sixth department around the celestial body of this near neighbour. One ties the outer planet and is considered to be the first and lie in planet that should occupy bringing here. Gliese 581g planetary quality may be the 3 to 4 times on the earth, the radius is probably equivalent to 1 time to 1.5 time of the earth. Can verify planet this the intersection of rock and quality, become one place should inhabit probably. Not long ago, NASA released a dispute discovery, namely a kind of bacterium can replace phosphorus and make up the material as one's own DNA with arsenic, but arsenic is poisonous to most lives. This discovery has caused extensive dispute, because it is difficult to imagine the life to be so diversified before this. " search extraterrestrial intelligence " Reputable astronomer S ez - assorted Starker expresses the plan, " no matter where it is, the life can always find the things to eat. " Over several years, the astronomers have been devoted to the looking for ground planet. Recently, the astronomer claims they found the first rock quality is the outer planet, this planetary size may be 1.4 times that of the earth. It is estimated and launch in 2015 " James - Webber " The telescope will offer clearer extraterrestrial world visual angle to astronomer.

6. Has the velocity of light already become speed limit?
Has the velocity of light already become speed limit? If really there is a extraterrestrial life, then looks with the present situation, with their communication or go to visit them, will face the numerous difficulties. The most pessimistic one is the speed question. In recent years, the scientists have been devoted to the research of the superlight speed too. As to the intersection of ideal and China " The superlight speed " ,The existing traveling speed is too slow. Since the 20th century, our theory has been limited by in the limit of velocity of light that Einstein verified all the time, namely 186282 miles per second (nearly shut 300,000 kilometers per second) . Even if we get speed this with higher speed spaceship, reach the intersection of fixed star and systematic the intersection of Centaurus and the intersection of Alpha and star (from about 4.3 of us) that closest to us And return and take nearly ten years. In addition, the spaceship will consider energy will be limited by itself. So, must realize and break through the limit of velocity of light and may realize these purposes. The scientists have implemented a lot of relevant experiments in recent years, for example by Wang LiJun (Lijun Wang), scientist of Princeton University The experiments carried on in 2000 and experiment which the German scientist carried on in 2007 have all made certain progress. At first, the scientists firmly believe that there is not any material or information that can break through the velocity of light, but the light pulse can be accomplished. Under the vacuum state, the light pulse measured in different positions seems to be spreading at a kind of incredible speed. However, this speed is still unable to provide too great help for our space tourism. Still there is a dispute in the experiment in 2007. Beile university physics professor Gerad - Cleaver thinks, in " quantum is pestered " In the phenomenon, the spread speed of information seems faster than the velocity of light. Two experiments of 2007 and 2008 show, " quantum will be pestered " Speed at least 10,000 times that of velocity of light. The method to realize the superlight speed in the future may be to jump to the multidimensional space, but we at present are unable to understand for this kind of method. NASA breaks through and advances physics to plan former director Mark - Millis and devoted to studying interplanetary travel now, he says, " there must be physics domain which we have not found. " Millis points out, perhaps dark material and dark energy can bring the dawn to us for example. 7. Will you please realize time pass through travelling?
Will you please realize time pass through travelling? Fail to be really realized so far because of breaking through the limit of velocity of light, it seems more difficult to be imagined to pass through time to travel. Einstein tells us, it is relative that time passes. Enormous object of distance (such as the earth) In the center far, the faster time live. The clock on the space centre halfback star must regulate this kind of error, though the error is very little, but exist truly. In addition, this kind of effect can be perceived at different height. American National Standard and technological office two experiments proved these kind of theory last year. So brain of us want, wear out fast than heart, though age of brain 1/90 billion second more older than heart only in life of people. The scientist discovers, an object is close to the velocity of light, slow the time be. So, the machine can be simplified as an enormous centrifuge in one time, this centrifuge can get someone's Israel nearer the velocity of light to rotate. However, the American Chapman university quantum director of research center Jeff - hold and draw Carson to think, this way may let that person in the centrifuge break up. U.S.A. Arizona university cosmology home Paul Davies says, " want to realize time travels, this is only a question of fund and engineering. The mankind will take this great step one day in the future. " 8. Will you please find another universe?
Will you please find another universe? Even if we have solved all mysteries about we, the earth and universe finally, still a bigger mystery waits for us, that is to have other universe outside our universe. There are scientists according to the characteristic of the physics law, have proposed the statement of the reciprocal universe. The theory of such plural universe is an inevitable outcome that quantum mechanics is developed too. Scientist think other universe or universe before the we that coexist these can the evidence will sow in the dark sky perhaps. Scientist of British Oxford University Roger - friend everything cut the intersection of tile and hertz, scientist of research institute, and Goor pitch Diane find them in the microwave background radiation of universe in the Rose and U.S.A. Said huge concentric circles, the evidence of staying that these concentric circles the universe great numerous explosion and live again. However, the temperature of the round area of these centres should be lower than the average temperature. Though other research groups have verified this kind of structure, that the friend Rose studies the statement about the thing that the universe live again and leave the concentric circles of the group still causes the extensive dispute. In these ten years, and some scientists found the similar evidence through the survey of the universe microwave background. So, they think, there may be universe that other universe has struck us, thus has left these " The scar " . European Space Agency " Plonk " The space telescope will draw out the more detailed universe microwave background picture, perhaps can dispel the dispute, provide the final answer for this mystery. (refined and ccourteous)
Study progress in eight major science mysteries: The artificial life takes one step of keys