October 27 news of scientific and technological news Beijing time of Sina, according to American media, makes the idea of medicine of saving someone's life and does not perhaps conform to the routine with the fatal toxin, however, the mankind has been trying this kind of method for hundreds of years. The following is eight kinds of animals or plants with nature most fatal toxin, venom or malicious to assassinate, develop the medicine of new generation, bring the inspiration for researcher of them.
1.Sea anemone
The sea anemone steps on the sea anemone, the feeling of the pain penetrates even into the marrow that will experience definitely its feeler brings to somebody carelessly. The sea anemone is the same as jellyfish, it is the invertebrate, all have fatal thorn cells (cnidocyte) . Each thorn cell contains the thorn silk bag - -The cells device like miniature roll fish spear of a kind of appearance. Sting the toxin (usually neural toxin) contained in cells The prey that will make stature little can not move.
This kind of efficiency of stinging cells has brought the inspiration to Israeli drugmaker NanoCyte, company this hope, utilize silver lotus flower belong to the intersection of thorn and cell of plant, develop unique medicine to treat diabetes. According to the imagination of NanoCyte, can mix stinging cells with specialized cream, in order to transmit insulin. Then, insulin will be added into cream with thorn cell; The cells like fish spear of this kind of appearance can kick insulin into the skin directly.
2.Big poisonous lizard
Big poisonous lizard whether we look for thing that can not consider most reduce weight good recipe of medicine, in perhaps saliva of lizard, but on big poisonous lizard, this proves it is a correct choice. As the only poisonous lizard, the big poisonous lizard is the lizard kind of American characteristics, distributes over the southwest and Mexico of U.S.A. extensively. Though look that let people tremble with fear in appearance, they will not pose the real threat for somebody, this is mainly because the big poisonous lizard takes action too slow. Different from some other reptiles, the big poisonous lizard will not kick the venom into the prey directly, on the contrary, lie in the salivary gland of the lower jaw and secrete the venom slowly when the big malicious lizard begins to bite into preys - -Neural toxin.
This kind of venom will initiate edema, make blood pressure lower suddenly. During the decade in the past, researchers extracted ten multi-type albumens and toxin from the saliva of the big malicious lizard. Among them, a kind of albumen which is called exendin-4 is discovers and has 50% similarity with a kind of hormone in the human digestive tube. This kind of hormone in the human digestive tube can stimulate insulin to secrete when blood glucose is raised, thus lower blood glucose; There is not this function when blood glucose is lower, so will not cause the hypoglycemia.
One goes through finding in 3 years, exendin-4 helps the 2 type diabetic to keep the healthy blood glucose level, efficiency that still reduces weight. After this, namely 2005, American food medicines administration bureau (FDA) Sanction using exendin-4 to formate the edition (call exenatide) finally . The closer one discovers from now to now, exenatide can also help the nondiabetic patient to reduce weight: The report of volunteer who takes this kind of medicine claims, within 6 months, the reduced range of their weight is 3 times of volunteer who take placebo's.
3.Red hair wolf's spider
Red hair wolf's spider Red hair wolf's spider (RoseTarantula) of Chile Contain a kind of important albumen in the body, this kind of albumen has already been used for preventing the atrium from quivering (atrialfibrillation) extensively Medicine in. It means rhythm of the heart is abnormal that the atrium quivers, can cause the death. This kind of disease will also upset heartbeat rhythm, cause the blood to condense in the ventricle, thus the effective blood supply of making the atrium unable. If there are clots that are lossed from the ventricle, enter the brain, will cause arterial occlusion and will initiate apoplexy.
A research group of U.S.A. Buffalo university has found peptide GSMtx-4 in venom of wolf's spider. GSMtx-4 prevents the atrium from quivering through blocking some nerve cell structure in the heart. Once the patient looks like heart disease such as being congestive and in heart failure, these " passways " Will suffer the excessive stimulus. Other experiments still indicate, GSMtx-4 peptide still can be used as relieving analgesic of pain. Though there is not a medicine taking GSMtx-4 peptide as composition yet at present on the market, the scientist hopes to develop this kind of medicine in the near future.
4.South American Pallas pit viper
Mouthful flavour feel better certainly at South American Pallas pit viper bite snake, but in peptide that find under a certain venom of snake, the ones that can relieve hypertension and symptom and some kinds of are congestive and in heart failure. The South American Pallas pit viper (BothropsJararaca) Grip above one, light to cause the intersection of injury and edema, bleed, heavy to cause death. Will it be will it be initial stage the seventies the 20th century, find a kind of peptide in the intersection of South American and the intersection of Pallas pit viper and venom by the intersection of Sergio and the intersection of Enrique and the intersection of fee and one the intersection of Brazilian and research group led to draw, can make the blood vessel swell, thus lower blood pressure.
Referred to as bradykinin strengthening the factor (bradykininpotentiatingfactor) after this kind of peptide ,Can also block angiotensin I transformation to angiotensin II. Will cause blood pressure to rise to the transformation course of angiotensin II. Later, American pharmaceutical manufacturer Bristol-Myers Squibb utilized bradykinin to strengthen the factor, develop the first batch of angiotensin invertase (ACE) Inhibitor, the the intersection of medicine and by name the intersection of card and the intersection of Top and profit (claim third sour chest, A of sulfhydryl-, also) ,Generally used for treating hypertension and some heart diseases now.
5.Three color curare frogs
Three color curare frog's clans of Amazon found a long time ago, these multicoloured small frogs, will produce a kind of toxin terribly in the skin. Before the hunters go out to hunt, will spread these fatal venom on the arrowhead. When meeting these clans for the first time in science, they use the method of the toxin to produce to these crowds who shut off oneself from society curiously, want to find out which unusual chemicals are contained on earth in them.
At the beginning of 1990s, scientists isolated from a kind of poisonous frogs in Ecuador out rare alkaloid epibatidine. This kind of frogs is called three color curare frogs (or ghost's curare frog) ,The scientist finds the efficiency that the venom of three color curare frogs is relieving the pain respect is 200 times that of morphine, it is like this on mouse at least. Though is an effective analgesic, because epibatidine is too toxic, can't use pharmacy. In order to overcome this obstacle, researchers have been trying to change the chemical constitution of epibatidine, in order to dispel its toxicity. At present, they have already succeeded in making out several hundred kinds of new compounds.
6.Belladonna
Belladonna of belladonna is one of the largest plants of toxicity on the earth, contain and hold alkane alkaloid (tropanealkaloid) inside ,Once dosage is abundant, will cause adults in the fatal position. Hold alkane alkaloid main active pharmaceutical atropine (atropine) Will attack the parasympathetic nerve to tie? Often tiny stream if you can't afraid of , move last Lu Gu posthumous to encourage to coil up which Ji
7.Heart spiral shell
Heart spiral shell Heart spiral shell (have another name called " The taro spiral shell " )It is a lot of persons who collects shell " Like most " ,It is about 23 centimetres that it is the longest can only be long, a famous one is its venom with very strong toxicity equally instead of the beautiful outer cover. Most heart spiral shells are all distributed in the warm tropical water areas. Though appearance is beautiful, the heart spiral shell is a kind of terrible predator, the radula is very sharp, when having preys to discover to get near, it stretches the beak of the ones that have tube to the prey, through shrink of muscle, radula to fill with venom from penetrating on the prey like bullet under beak, the venom can anesthetize the small fish in the twinkling of an eye, then the heart spiral shell packs up its radula, will be already pulled into the mouth by the prey of the uniform. Contain the neural toxin in their venom, can lock goals such as the particular neural receptor or passway,etc..
Though once the toxin of the heart spiral shell squirts and becomes a fatal weapon, the scientist still extracts this kind of toxin from it in the body, make the medicine to relieve pain. In 2004, the first kind utilized monk's robe taro spiral shell (Conusmagus, one kind of the heart spiral shell) Analgesic " Prialt " that the toxin makes into ,Sanctioned using in U.S.A. and European. Prialt contributes to lightening the chronic pain of patient not reacting to morphine. It acts on the vertebra directly, can block the calcium passway in the brain selectively, avoid causing the secretion of the neurotransmitters of the pain sense.
8.Chilli
Add several chillies at the stir-fry, can increase the taste of the meal, but you know, the chilli still relieves the nerve efficiency aching and aching. Result of study show, make chilli and chemical material with stimulating function - -Capsicum, can lighten many kinds of pain, muscle pain or nerve damage pain initiated for instance. Capsicum is still numerous compositions which relieve pain ointment, ointment substantially as using for lightening arthritis or the joint aches. The clinical trial shows, containing the non-prescription ointment Zostrix of 0.075% of the capsicum can relieve arthritis and pain effectively.
A newest investigation which research groups implements of British Oxford University finds, among 10 body patients with neural disease, capsicum can lighten symptom of 4 patients among them, these patients will usually feel affected part itch, numb all over, it is cold one minute and hot next. After the patient uses Zostrix ointment, because the medicine has produced and stimulated function on TRPV1 passway, they will have burn feeling. TRPV1 is the calcium passway activated by heat, are in the surface to pain and nerve cell sensitive in temperature. (filial piety is gentle)
Eight kinds include fatal toxin animals and plants: The saliva of big poisonous lizard helps to reduce weight
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