" Read the intention " Cheng Zhen: Scan and reduce

" Read the intention " Cheng Zhen: Scan and reduce the information that the brain sees with the machine
If some wise and farsighted and outstanding neuroscientists are correct, on condition that can carry on the data operation numerous enough and have a superstrong brain scanner, science can know the things that you see from your brain directly - -May read your thought one day even.
Fig. 1: Read the intention

Fig. 2: The working mechanism Yeah of brain that we obtain the external picture explores the report for February 2 if some wise and farsighted and outstanding neuroscientists are correct, with the help of a superstrong brain scanner, science can know the things that you see from your brain directly - -May read your thought one day even. Special contributor Lisa (Lisa Katayama) of " Popular Science " Enter the world that the brain scans, lead us to peep among them profoundly. Will it be one Monday not making warm April, that night come evening, in the intersection of University of California and the intersection of Berkeley and little Wheeler (Henry H, Henry of branch school. Wheeler, Jr.) The centre of formation of image of brain, Lisa's straight face lies up in a magnetic resonance scanner which weigh up to 13 tons. The light scanned in the room is very dim, a white plastic frame is covered on her face top, the blue computer screen heaves in sight. One is called Jack and Grant (Jack Gallant) Neuroscientist read she brain information. Lisa's head is fixed, because even if slight shaking will be influenced and scanned the accuracy of the data. After for a moment, the function magnetic resonance machine has already been started - -This scanner will measure the blood flow change in her brain. Grant claims the random idea will not influence the result scanned in the brain. Because he pay close attention to the fact what Lisa see, and thing that she see how record in the intersection of brain and visual cortex (visual cortex in the last department of brain only today, responsible for processing the things that the human eye sees) . He says, the only important one is to keep still as much as possible, (machine) in the near future Can rebuild out the picture which I have seen in case of not seeing the picture yet by oneself. In the past 10 years, Grant was devoted to formation of image of brain and vision neural science and psychological laboratory that were studied administering one in the branch school of Berkeley. Using the magnetic resonance to scan and activate the analytic approach of the mode to study with algorithm and brain in the field of reading heart, Grant is that most top few of world open this neuroscientist of gate. Grant's technology can rebuild the picture stored in the human brain out. The method that he adopts at present takes the analysis time of several hours, but his goal is that the technology of upgrading him can calculate and reported in real time to people and seen what in order to reach. Read the function of the intention: The judge can see the suspect's brain information if he could accomplish, that will influence our way to deal with anything. Read scheming, can help doctor understand the intersection of illusion and the intersection of disease and patient, cognitive the intersection of obstacle and patient, should defy the intersection of obstacle and patient and other heartfelt wishes of patient behind the wound. The judge can use and read the scheming to slip into the crime suspect's brain to look, see have seen on earth what whether they have made up fact and them. Such a machine can confirm whether those persons who regards psychosis as the self-insurance reason are lying too, or whether those declare person of the self-defence really for the purpose of defending oneself. But on the other hand, this technology will initiate the serious ethics problem too, the reviewer is afraid this technology makes convenient person peeped and hacker of our personal secrets steal one day. When Lisa lies in the brain scanner not moving at all, Grant and two researchers of the laboratory show dozens of pictures fast before her eyes ' One for several seconds) ,There are sheep, a rock layer, a pond and a profile chart like person of Einstein on pasture. She only task need white point that watch attentively in the middle of the screen only ' Watch some attentively) . Grant says, " sees " (this kind of experience) Do not completely take notice of knowing it in the category. The brain visual cortex works like camera, automatically (unconscious ground) Draw information from retina, and record the image of the object in the brain. How the brain is " The formation of image " Ten minutes like ten year, last end of experiment by another humming. Researchers liberate her from stiff state, Lisa comes to the control room, reveal 30 brains scanning from different angles there on an enormous watch-dog. Every gesture in the human brain can be summarized into bunches of geometric figure, Grant tells me, the activity of the brain is basically bunches of neuronal activation - -According to the result of study recently, only estimate in the elementary visual cortex of brain that there are 300 million neurons. In order to understand these shapes, the brain scanner will scan the picture to divide in pieces of cube -like three-dimensional structure, dose of these units is named picture element of volume, or voxel. Random mixing that every individual usually looks it is like black-and-white gray three colors. But then to Grant can obtain the computer model of more accurate information from these shapes, voxel is the simple matrix of 0 or 1. Through the matrix of operation, the computer model can reduce these shapes very accurately the person like Einstein is still the sheep on the pasture. Grant and his research group has shown some convincing results of study from volunteer. " though this is not perfect " ,A post-doctor of Grant's Nishimoto really manages (Shinji Nishimoto) Say, " but very good " . Grant " The nerve is decoded " --He uses for substituting " Read the heart " Piece term - -To develop ground is faster and faster, riper and riper. In fact, last October, his laboratory has been already through analyzing the brain when people watched the video passage activated the mode and rebuilt the intact video passage that participants watched. In a example, the reconstruction video that an elephant walks in the desert, the object of the little flying elephant shape that has the flaw showing one slightly is moved on the screen slowly. Among them the detailed detail has been lost, but this still makes people with deep impression, because this is drawn from someone's brain. Using similar technology, other researchers are revealing the mysterious veils of memory and dreamland. Cast aside the very heavy haze of the ultra natural phenomena among them, read the heart but we could have question of a good tool. " only we have instrument well to measure the brain and move about, and set up appropriate brain and calculated models " ,Until he publish, write in one subsidiary material of thesis at the the intersection of British and Nature 2008 Grant, " we may decode the visual content such as psychological processing courses such as dreamland, memory and image,etc. in principle " .

Fig. 3: As to each picture that you saw, your brain will produce a kind of unique activity mode. Through analyzing the magnetic resonance scan of thousands of functions, the software can match mode and particular object of your brain. Fig. 4: Activity that the magnetic resonance instrument of function which is similar to this machine helps the scientist to decode the human brain. What is there the health gentleman of the supernatural valley in the centre of formation of image of ATR brain activity for pursuing in your brain? Only adopting the brain activity of analyzing you, scientists can predict the things that you have just seen very accurately. This kind of technology is that nerve is decoded. In order to accomplish this, the scientist must be when you watch thousands of pictures attentively at first, scan your brain. Then the computer analyzes how your brain to every picture reacted, match brain activity with various details such as shape and color finally. Going on with calculating, the computer can set up one kind mainly decodes the key; This kind of key can be in case of not analyzing scanning picture watching some picture producing in advance later, discern and rebuild nearly all objects that you saw. Magic Grant of the magnetic resonance is a modest but durable man who wears beard of horse's hoof, he likes using some vivid metaphors in a friendly way while speaking. " the brain is just like the turkey on Thanksgiving Day " ,He attempts to use the inherent working mechanism of the simple terminological interpretation visual cortex. "The skin of the turkey is the skin, just like the cortex of the brain. The viscera of all turkeys are on equivalent to the cortex of the brain laying cores. " He holds the chalk in that of his " The turkey " Points to an enormous back department of one kind of cavities of balloon on the sketch map. "This is the elementary visual cortex, the core of our visual system. " Our brain builds and constructs our world of the surrounding area by a complicated assembly line. Elementary visual cortex, or is abbreviated as V1, link with other areas such as V2, V3 through the complicated way. (" the precise to know how many such areas there are finally there people " ,Grant takes hands and means pointing to one's own head while saying. )Each area is responsible for a particular function correlated to vision, for example distinguish the color, discern the shape, survey the depth and or perceive sports. For example when I am looking at a dog, I see one four appearance of animal of leg just not merely; I will also realize I had once had such a brown white dog as a child, frolic happily in the backyard where I have lived like this too; May even trigger me and play with the memory that make a noise with it. " see " (this state) All these respects included, all can be signified in the visual cortex by different modes. Key function of V1 area where Grant's research pays close attention to - -The record vision is amazing - -Found in the early period of the 20th century; Find behind the head at that time ' It is probably their visual cortex) Soldier with gunshot wound, though eyesight is normal, what appeared partly lost one's sight. The experiment from rodent verifies the positions and shapes of the things that we see are rebuilt in the area of V1. If we look at a tree, the back inferior officer of eyes records the image of a tree standing in the area of V1. Until the fact that 1990 times, neuroscientist call many the intersection of voxel and method of the pattern-recognition through a, can sign go on, make a reservation accurately to person who invade in the mankind. This kind of technology uses the magnetic resonance of the function to throw the visual cortex to the small structure - -On voxel; And voxel conforms with mode of the blood flow of brain again. For example, a mode that is responsible for signifying the shape in this area, may tell us that someone is seeing a dog; And the another mode that is responsible for signifying the color of this area will reveal this dog is brown. Grant's project has brought this technology up to a new level, he uses and calculates the simultaneous reconstruction that the model discerns the picture, they. Five members in laboratory of Grant struggle against probability theory over the past three years, the optimum algorithm promotes this development which calculate the model to strive for proposing. While mentioning how to design code of these algorithms, Thomas receives Sri Lankan and draws auspicious Sri Lankan (Thomas Naselaris) ,A post-doctor with tall curly hair writes next and very long equation which is named Bayesian's theory on the blackboard. This is a basic rule of a probability theory, can calculate for brand-new information, how about its probability is changed. He says, this is a core of their technology. In order to calculate the probability of the mode that someone's brain signifies the particular picture, the researcher must start this special equation with a considerable amount of sample quantity at first, they need to use and are scanned 1750 in the data to train this model by the magnetic resonance of function trying. "As to the thing that any picture which everybody may see, will tell us the probability that each picture is predicted correctly in Bayesian's theory, "Receive Sri Lankan and draw auspicious Sri Lankan and say. This brand of car hidden under the water-repellent cloth somewhat like attempting to predict: In order to put forward the accurate conjecture result, you must analyze all clues that can obtain at first - -The appearance of the water-repellent cloth, type, there may be sound of the engine of size, or even car owner. The more information obtained is, the more accurately you guess. The same reason, put into in the equation data of operation are the more, the higher your prediction accuracy is. It is a impressive skill that how to draw information from the brain is a deep skill to draw the ability of the picture that he sees from somebody's brain, but a greater challenge is a precise idea when calculates this person to see this picture. Grant is unable to know, for example, as I lay thought in the scanner on earth what it is. This is not recorded the department behind the brain by the rule like picture because of the thought. Then where is the thought really recorded on the brain? Tom and Mitchel (TomMitchell) ,A computer scientist of CarnegieMellon University of U.S.A., with his colleague Maassel and Just (Marcel Just) Together, the magnetic resonance and much voxel pattern-recognition methods of the function of use have answered this question. They have already thrown the response of the brain on the picture, vocabulary and mood successfully, Mitchel believes that can decode the thought in his laboratory, it is not merely only the picture. In order to orient the position that the thought signifies in the brain accurately, in latest a research, he lets volunteers enter the magnetic resonance instrument of function, presents two objects for them at the same time - -For example, a hammer and a house, and use the software to analyze a plurality of voxel modes touched off in area of the brain, confirm, try in think where object finally. Like Grant, Mitchel can achieve 90% of the rate of accuracy. "When you thought of the hammer, you thought of all attribute of the hammer. You may want to wave the hammer, this will activate the neuron of the cortex of sport, " He says. "You may think too what it looks like, this can activate the visual cortex. " Group of him spike, take back to ago the intersection of almond and core at the same time - -These two areas are correlated with with such as angry and mood of liking etc. - -Function magnetic resonance data concentrate up,it is discern whether hear by " love " to people not to come , " fair" With " anxious " Brain mode while waiting for the vocabulary. Health (Yukiyasu Kamitani) of the supernatural valley ,One of Japan advanced telecommunication international research institute calculates a neuroscientist, it is believed that he can advance one step more this technology, and then can read a dream. This summer, he plans to understand person's brain signal in sleeping soundly through the magnetic resonance of the function, like Grant, and then rebuild dreamland. Meanwhile, Grant and his post-doctor Nishimoto really manages the film image stored in course of trying to rebuild the brain. After I finished the magnetic resonance of my function to scan, Grant showed a video passage on his computer, one that the video has described and floated before the jokul like illusion is rebuked. Every odd second, a new bear is enlarged to video in the front, then bleach walking as throwing to aerial water ball. A colored cube flies over the bear once in a while. Let me feel dizzy only just looking at it. " this is a sport enhanced film, " Grant says excitedly, " your absolute dementia of visual system that it will let, so your visual systems are full of blood flow and signal. " Nishimoto really manages, typical " sports are accused of " in the laboratory ,Can scan and rebuild in the data out the color, position and sport of these bears from the brain, and produce the duplication edition of the primitive video passage. In a similar experiment, he lets a volunteer lie and sees in the magnetic resonance instrument of function for two hours for a film trailer. Then the computer matches the brain mode tried with color and movement shape in the film. In order to set up calculating the reference database of the model starts Bayesian's equation progressively, the researcher uses YouTube video for thousands of hours to train this model, and predict with it how the brain will react when people watch these videos. Then, when trying watching a section of brand-new video passage, the computer can match the new brain mode with the picture passage of summary in the database, and then rebuild the primitive video passage. The video rebuilt, as rebuilding the shape like color, has portrayed the comprehensive procedure of sports, though it has lost the detailed detail such as face characteristic. The researcher claims, so long as there are more data that are joined into the calculation which calculate the model, rebuilding the resolution ratio of chatting on video will be improved. " when I tell anyone that I can accomplish this point, " Grant says, " impossible that they all say definitive. " The psychological processing course that we perceive can be simplified into values of binary scale in this way, a little inconceivable. But this is neuronal true view controlled in any a mysterious black box of what is seen and heard, thinking of ours. " all capitals are figures, " Grant says, " but the key is does the record well. " This text translate from / translate by " the Popular Science " / newkiwi translate speeches support Yeah explore the exclusive manuscript please don't reprint without permission. (The source of this text: Yeah explores )
" Read the intention " Cheng Zhen: Scan and reduce the information that the brain sees with the machine