Managed in 30, thought in 100

Managed in 30, thought in 100
Author: Wang LiPing

In 1978, a small village of Huaihe River basin, an incident of influencing China's destiny happened - -" constitutional reform in the small hillock " . As the first sign of China's reform, this stream of massive reform spring tides sweep across every village of China subsequently.

But to Huaihe River basin relying mainly on agriculture, pollution problem, agriculture that a following one is industry's swift and violent development lack the water predicament, urban population and use the demand of water safely, Huaihe River all kinds of the intersection of tributary and environmental pressure increase suddenly, serious to pollute accident to be like the shadow following the person to follow place river pass. The whole course that and Huaihe River manages pollution, it is exactly the street map of the undertaking in environment protecting mode of China, its starting point can be traced back to from this water areas too.

There is no minor matter in the environment

"Washed the rice and washed the vegetables in the fifties, did washing to irrigate in the sixties, water quality deteriorated in the seventies, the fishes and shrimps were peerless in the eighties. " These four sentences of folk rhymes have summarized the development course of the water pollution of Huaihe River of period of reform and opening-up clearly, also refracted the consequence of the black development model caused in the traditional industrialized road.

"At the beginning of the 1990s of last century, there was once, 70 -km-long and long sewage group went downstream, the place of arrival, cut off the water and stop production, the court and the commonalty shake. For this reason, the State Council requires: The discharge up to standard of the industrial pollution sources in the basin of the end of 1997, the water body in Huaihe River was cleared up in 2000. This is the first tough battle that a team in environment protecting mode of China makes, it is a contact battle too, the team in environment protecting mode had not got ready yet at that time, meet an enemy attack hurriedly. " " China's environmental newspaper " has reported so.

Huaihe River is that China is brought into a river of the schedule in environment protecting mode initially, it is exactly a section of difficult journey of the undertaking in environment protecting mode of China to manage the journey in its 30. " the water quality monitoring station of Huaihe River basin planned " issued in 1978 and " pollution control was planned ", it is the earliest file about managing in the basin of China.

"While remembering 1997, once talked with foreign expert, said Huaihe River became clear by 3, it is misheared that the foreign expert think, did he ask ' thirteenorthirty? ' question whether we are 13 years or 30 years? " Can be found out from this section of old lores that " China's environmental newspaper " record and narrate, the confidence of the department in environment protecting mode of those years is great, but manifesting has inadequate experience, go through this world difficult problem of environmental improvement too simply.

Soon, China manage pollution, include Huaihe River in " the the Ninth Five-Year Plan " , " 15 " In the plan. In October of 1993, the State Council determined to manage the key project as country in Huaihe River, also regarded as " The Ninth Five-Year Plan " Major project of the plan. Proposed, let Huaihe River clear before 1997, changed the goal into letting Huaihe River be changed and cleaned before 2000 later at that time.

For this it is that periods of period China manage pollution states overall,can with managing by auspicious a word Wu Ben, experting of the Huaihe River, and summarizing: "In fact in the course of development, the government has been trying every possible means, has been adding extra fund input which has managed pollution too. "

But the real result is: " the the Ninth Five-Year Plan " In the past, " 15 " Also left. In several ministries and commissions take the lead in a news briefing that is held, the appraisal managing pollution to Huaihe River is described as and " makes the preliminary, phased effect, but the question is still very outstanding " . The deadline of task of managing pollution in Huaihe River is postponed by 2010 too.

In 2010, can Huaihe River really become clear? A result that can be expected is, if none of idea, mechanism and measure,etc. that caused Huaihe River to pollute in the past change at all, it still may be an empty verbiage that Huaihe River becomes clear. This is a problem faced in whole development of undertaking in environment protecting mode of China too.

As economic development meets environmental improvement

It is not good that the department in environment protecting mode leaves the impression of staying on people in some time, seem to regard fining as the only route to solve problem. Send to the local finance at blowdown must it charges to be local main source of revenue of Environmental Protection Agency, but the blowdown fee, mix using with the tax money that is collected finally. The obscure phenomenon of a lot of scholars that there are one China's environmental protection to make, the illegal cost is low, the cost is high to abide by the law. Then enforced the lawing twists.

Department's supreme penalty amount in environment protecting mode is 200,000 yuan, and for an enterprise, fee of this blowdown is only a small number. Calculate according to the personage in environment protecting mode, the discharge up to standard after if the sewages discharged are all dealt with, cost of one ton is about 1 yuan, discharge more than 20,000 tons every day, it is more than 20,000 yuan, it is that 1,000 wants ten thousand yuan in one year. 10 million these yuan of annual outputs though little easily compared with one enterprise, but is far higher than fining the cost demanded.

Then, in the constant game, the lofty tone of the interests is " stepped on " In environmental protection. This phenomenon started at the beginning of the eighties of last century, the economy of our country began to enter high-speed developing period, the vigorous township enterprise has replaced the position of the planting, urban economy begins to be accelerated, the urbanization becomes leading strength of economic development of our country.

The water pollution of Huaihe River is in different different leading characteristics at stage of economic growth, it is exactly the epitome of this industrialized process of China: Before the middle period of the eighties of last century, it polluted leading characteristic to embody in from residual chemical fertilizer, pesticide through irrigating and pollution produced of surface flow erosion of precipitation; In the big developing period of township enterprise when every village smokes, the subject characteristic reflects in the discharging in a large amount of industrial sewage, among them mainly regard papermaking, making, processing hides, chemical industry as and mainly pollute the trade; By the look of present state, with urbanized acceleration, the urban sanitary sewage becomes the subject polluted in basin.

Jiang GaoMing, researcher of Ins of plant,Academia Sinica, wrote while writing articles in " scientific Times ": "Though the leader wants the environment, what they wanted even more is that GDP is the bank note, the achievements. Enterprises are a main source of the bank note, the country no longer imposes any expenses from peasants, enterprise's tax revenue is more important. Without money, place cadre and teacher can not send out the salary. So, leaders are in the eyes in the county, the tax revenue is the absolute principle. Environmental pollution, must certainly manage, must control, this task falls on the head of the Environmental Protection Agency. But if the Environmental Protection Agency is serious, the government often comes out ' shield a shortcoming or fault '; Such as not managing well, that is trained is a chief in environment protecting mode at first. In this way, the Environmental Protection Agency is in both ends and does not fall the good condition. "

Because of this, though take department in environment protecting mode as the leading factor and initiate the movement type centralized action constantly, for instance: Implementation on January 1, 1998 " Take action in zero point " --The enterprise with heavy pollution that the national related departments have not accomplished the task of managing to time limit closes down, suspend operations in unison; In 1999, closed down large quantities of small papermaking, small processing hides, small chemical industry with serious pollution of Huaihe River basin,etc. " 15 small " Enterprises; Thereafter, lifted storms in environment protecting mode three times,etc. in 2005, 2006, 2007 separately, but government and educational circles realized finally, " storm " Stronger, too or traditional row? 's nephew neglects the splendid achnatherum and pacifies and works for a kind of sedge of Xu's snail Bi Ying miserable Fu of cooked rice in fertile Jian's mark Does pray and put down core gruel You 5 some in great numbers and flee arcly?

World opinion here it makes to be so courteous appraisal at all to the intersection of China and economy too: The high-speed economic growth of China regards sacrificing ecological environmental quality as cost.

" eleven five " ,Practical decision

The western countries began to introspect environmental problem in the sixties of last century, but in China, can pay attention to from the changes of the department in environment protecting mode out a roughly train of thought, this is a course of clear constant enhancement.

In 1971, the State Development & Planning Commission environmental protection office was established, environmental protection appeared in the name of the Chinese government organ for the first time; In 1978, our country established the office of leading group of the environmental protection of the State Council, was set up under the national construction commission; In 1984, considered that it is inconvenient to work in the world, renamed as State Bureau of Environmental Protection, still under the jurisdiction of Ministry of Construction; In 1987, the administrative structure reform again, set up independent State Bureau of Environmental Protection, for the vice-ministerial level unit directly subordinate to management of the State Council. In 10 years hereafter, it was 10 years when the economic construction of our country was fast-developing, it was 10 years when people's environmental consciousness was improved constantly too. In 1998, renamed as State Environmental Protection Head Bureau, became the full ministerial level unit. In the next 10 years, no matter the country or society, people have all reached an unprecedented height to the concern in environment protecting mode. Environmental protection becomes the fundamental state policy of China too.

The routes in environment protecting mode of another phenomenon and western countries were agreed with, namely non-governmental personage and non-governmental organization in environment protecting mode have played an important role in the treatment of some important incidents, and facilitate the setting-up of some laws and regulations. Surround and comment the hearing as Yuanmingyuan bottom of Beijing paves membrane incident to initiate, it is a typical incident of the citizen's participation in environment protecting mode. China has already had 2768 non-government organizations in environment protecting mode at present, the total number of employees is nearly 230,000 people, become important strength of promoting the development of China and world environments undertaking. Among them, two years after the federation in environment protecting mode of China is established, get involved in 111 cases of environmental pollution, among them support 5 cases, cooperate and assist State General Bureau of Environmental Protection to supervise 7 cases, survey and study 95 contamination accidents independently. The vast sea ditch pollution case of development zone of Shijiazhuang supervised by them, supervise the local government to plan to build sewage treatment facilities, radically treat the vast sea ditch to pollute completely.

On the issue that in environment protecting mode, China may not have shortcut, all efforts are " on the road " ,Including the general bureau in environment protecting mode is promoted as the environmental protection department in the country in 2008, promoted as the State Council and made up the department from Organization Directly under the State Council. Except mean the department in environment protecting mode has greater words right in participating in national relevant great decision in the future, will improve authoritativeness and efforts of law enforcement for environmental protection effectively, will solve the contradiction problem between environment and economy at all, it is still the arduous task of the undertaking in environment protecting mode of China.

"Let the people drink the clean water, fresh air of breath, have better job and living environment. " This is promised while submitting a report on the work of the Government at the third Session of the tenth National People's Congress to national people by Premier of the State Council Wen Jiabao. He says, it influences the people's healthy and safe problem of environmental pollution seriously to solve as soon as possible, "take prevention and control of water pollution as the focal point, strengthen the industry and pollution control of city, strengthen the pollution control of the source the countryside, protect strengthening the drinking water source. Implement the strict control system of total amount of blowdown, devote more efforts to supervising and enforcing the law in environmental protection. Pursue clean production in a more cost-effective manner, develop the environmental protection industry " .

This is a solemn declaration of a practical government.

In fact, no matter Tai Hu blue green algae crisis, Xiamen XP incident, or all sorts of other predicaments that the ecological protection field faces, strengthen the urgent demand of the scientific idea of development of the Party and government without any suspicion.

Moreover, can't blame history briefly. On one hand, development is an absolute principle, this sentence has almost overwhelming realistic meanings in contemporary China. This investigates the starting point of issue on environmental protection of China, neglects this, any suggestions will all become subjective and superficial. On the other hand, it is experienced cost to grow up, one is like this, a country is the same. It was only a time point in 30, as to China's environmental protection, it is a bank that far from far, step over, mean the transition of a certain quality. In China's modernization drive, the meaning in 30 is like the overture of a mighty movement even more, and environmental protection and develop during entanglement,last melody that is most excellent it without being appeared.

Managed in 30, thought in 100