Intestinal fungus several kind common the intersection of variety and the intersection of lactic acid and fungus in group ' Fig.) Can protect the health. Escherichia coli may let people catch an illness. The terminal often branching of bacillus of one pair of forks, it gains the name.
The bacterium in the human intestine is surprising and huge in total number. What obviously, must they do. According to the research in the past, the bacterium in the human intestine could help people to decompose some nutriment, " train " Immune system, preventing the growth of the harmful fungus, producing vitamin that some human body needs, and produced the hormone regulating the human fat and storing; Meanwhile, some intestinal bacteria of kind may cause disease, increases the danger of host's cancer. Because the intestinal fungus group is too complicated, previous people, to them, and the relation between they and health is known little about, even not as good as our understanding of surface of the moon.
Although an important bacterium is small there is much function
The human body and a lot of microorganisms grow, most microorganisms among them live in the intestine, among them the great majority are bacteria, there are some fungi and grow the living beings originally. In people's excrement and urine, probably 60% dry weight is the bacterium.
"What there are so many bacteria here, must they do. " " the the intersection of human body and intestinal the intersection of fungus and groups of yuans of genome research " Participant kindness Reich (DuskoEhrilich) Say. Before this, the scientist, through studying, find bacteria are not the simple " harmless parasite " ,It and the mankind is mutually beneficial relations, have essential effect on human health.
Most ocular, it is bacteria mostly since, then the bacterium must have influence greatly on defecating, the definite sum of constipation " Non- good fungus group " Have something to do.
The bacterium can produce enzyme that can degrade some carbohydrate, these degrade products and can be utilized by the human body. If lack these bacteria, the human body may be unable to degrade some nutriment, for example the human body needs particular bacterium's degrade lactose, lack them and may suffer from " lactose is not able to bear disease " ing . However, when the bacterium decomposes protein, may produce some noxious substances and carcinogen.
The intersection of human body and attraction and storage in fat and intestinal bacterium there are very much loud relations too, the intestinal fungus group of the disease patient of large intestines is different from normal people. The intestinal bacterium will also produce some nutriment such as vitamin k, biotin, folic acid,etc., still can help the human body to absorb microelements such as calcium, magnesium, iron,etc..
The fungus group will also prevent the reproduction of the harmful bacterium, protect the health in the intestines, one of the methods produces lactic acid, one spoils the mushroom " extremely impractical " . Some bacteria can also help to prevent the occurrence of enteritis.
Human body's intestinal bacterium will even produce some with the human body " Direct" Function,it is can intestinal without being accelerated epidermis cell, be be lasted division of themmed. They may also promote the growth of the nearby lymphocytes of intestine. Intestinal fungus is a group of development that will stimulate human body's intestinal immune system, and is " training " constantly It, let it increase " distinguish enemy and us " Ability. It is relevant to preventing the human body from being allergic, through a group of rational " trains " of intestinal fungus Immune systems human will which make too drastic easily for response,it is last people " irritated " not to that is to say . Eh Reich says, the baby obtains some bacteria, the immune system of the human body wants to get rid of these bacteria, some bacteria have lived. In fact everybody evolves in and one's own intestinal bacterium together.
2 understands that does not still know " Come from He "
Though has already known some function of group of intestinal fungus, the scientist, to themselves, and the understanding of interaction between they and the human body also just started. In the exchanges of reporter and kindness Reich, hear a word most not " know " .
Eh, Reich say " the the intersection of human body and intestinal the intersection of fungus and groups of yuans of genome research " It is one of the contemporary most important research. Because intestinal microorganism's healthy and daily happiness relation to people of the human body is great. A lot of people have a question of constipation, though does not include serious disease, let people feel " unhappy " every day ; And enteritis involved in intestinal microorganism often breaks out repeatedly, cause the great agony to patient; Obesity involved in intestinal bacterium too, probably " tight to get off " Secret just is here people intestines li. In " the the intersection of human body and intestinal the intersection of fungus and groups of yuans of genome research " In 124 sample providers choosing it, there are patients who suffers from enteritis and obesity. Through the research at first stage, have already found patient's intestinal genetic composition of the fungus group is quite unlike normal people, but concrete mechanism is still unable to find out.
Then, how did these bacteria enter the human body? Eh Reich says, someone thought in the past babies got the intestinal bacterium from mother's milk, but discover bacterium's intensity similar to mother is not high in the baby's intestines. So the scientist thinks, probably babies eat in playing into the bacterium in the environment. But if question " What on earth is the matter " . I am sorry, the scientist has not known either at present. In the past, because the intestinal bacterium was very difficult to distinguish from appearance, it is very difficult to train in the laboratory, so it is very difficult for the scientists to carry on research to them. The technology of gene sequencing has offered the basic means. "We can follow the baby's environment and situation of enteric inner bacterium in the future, to understand how the bacterium entered the human body. " Eh Reich says.
Then, everybody's physique is different, internal fungus group has nothing in common with each other too. To fungus group, one's physique is " natural environment " that it lives in ,Some people can be compared to" The rainforest " ,Some people can be compared to" The desert " . Then, could change people's health state by changing the fungus group simply, or has people's physique been decided fungus group that he has? Eh Reich says: This question is very good, but sorry, we do not know the answer.
Know the health and relation of group of the fungus, what may we do? Eh Reich says, we are sure that not only make scientific researches, then throw the patient away there and say: " you are this sample " ,We are sure that want to try every possible means to help them, but how to help? I am sorry, we do not know now.
Now, the development of human technology and improvement of sanitary condition have already changed the environment greatly, will influence human body's intestinal bacterium? Eh, answer of Reich if you it thinks to be still " Do not know " . But he says this possibility exists. For example, 50% of the persons in Sweden suffer from anaphylaxis; But do only 10% of the people suffer from anaphylaxis in Estonia not far from Sweden? assuares Jia knocks and receives the black Xun 's plum Matte pool fear locust getting careful to roll over the intersection of U and the intersection of Zhyuan and the intersection of cricket and Mang get of Chi my darling Qiong still is boundless and indistinct Crushed grain of protruding Let out the crushed grain of towering It is sincere support on rhizome of chuanxiong interconnected system always attend last Chu K s abundant to last shelves terrified to imitate to fit if you can't stop by paralysis, last heir of Guangdong of to pace up and down stupid to if you can't support by glucoside, last tool instrument to last rancour refinedly to Huan? BR >
Further studying in the 3 futures has already begun
We are to the intestinal fungus group now " Do not know a thing " ,But kindness Reich says, there are tools of gene sequencing, the study on intestinal microorganism will open a new chapter. However, the genetic scientist does not understand medical science and nutrition. They will understand one group of relations with health of intestinal fungus in depth with the extensive cooperation between physician, nutritionist in the future. In the future, they will carry on more grouping to compare, find out about impacts on enteric inner fungus group of factor such as the age, food, surrounding environment,etc..
" the the intersection of human body and intestinal the intersection of fungus and groups of yuans of genome research " Leader Europe "MetaHIT " The plan, the big genetic research institute of China of Shenzhen of China is responsible for the genetic examining order. 124 sample providers of this research come from Europe. Now, China old gene cooperate with Peking University Shenzhen hospital, make the intersection of Chinese and intestinal the intersection of fungus and research of group. This research mainly has two purposes: First, compare Chinese and European difference on the intestinal fungus group, cooking cultures of the two are different after all; Second, study one group of relations with diabetes of intestinal fungus.
Eh Reich says, within 10 years, the doctor not only will want your blood specimen, urine sample while diagnosing the illness, will also want your piss kind. And participate in Burke (PeerBork) that studies Say: "Know the genetic association of the intestinal microorganism to understanding it is very important that people do the equilibrium of the intestinal microorganism, we can be with one kind of this kind of not invading inspection means of excrement afterwards, as one of the criterion of the health. Perhaps one day, we can be through drinking the yoghurt which contain the particular bacterium, can solve a certain health problem. "
4 notices some of commercial advertisement overstating
Though the scientists know a little about intestinal fungus group of human body now, it seems that grocer and health product traders have already " understood them a lot of " . About " benefit grows the fungus " Overwhelming early. American Purdue University agriculture and biological is that professional doctor clouds of food project are not be in the mood for saying, the more than half words of the advertisement are overstated.
More than 100 years ago, of Russian immunologist brother Mei and Nick (Metchnikoff) Notice Bulgarian peasants compare the longevity. He ascribes the reason to the living bacterium contained of fermented milk in its food. In subsequent more than 100 years, scientific research approved of this concept gradually, think supplementary enough quantity, living bacterium of the appropriate kind, help the mankind to strengthen immunity, resisting the bacterial infection,etc.. Grow the research of the fungus as to benefit, is being paid close attention to too.
The statistics show, between 1965 and 2008, people have carried on 3000 clinical research regarding benefit grow the fungus at least. In to having loose bowels, immunity, irritation, cancer, women's health, a lot of positively charged experimental results are issued. As to bacterium kind, dosage, function mechanism, security performance, also carried on a lot of exploration.
Grow the research of the fungus as to benefit, gratifiedly almost have no report of the side effect so far; And the one that regretted is, it is more complicated than what we imagined that the question is far. Present research has made enormous progress, but the distance really promotes the well-being of mankind reliably, but still shoulder heavy responsibilities.
" benefit grows the fungus " Just a resembling " The good person " Concept,last " last fungus benefit " " ,And every kind is different. The function that benefit grows the fungus A may not exist at all in benefit grow the fungus B. Moreover, the present one is studied and is usually directed against a kind of fungus. When mixing many kinds of funguses together in order to hope to obtain many kinds of functions, will influence each other between them? It's a pity, such research is still very deficient.
New knowledge weekly magazine interview and write / the intersection of staff reporter and ZhengBen Liu a materials picture in picture that special topic spend
This special topic thank you: Tan person of no common ability ( One of the big genetic research institute of China of Shenzhen, main author of Nature article) , kindness Reich ( European MetaHIT plans participants)
" The intestines " Know: Although intestinal bacterium is small there is much function The more than half words of the advertisement are overstated
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